I wanted to give HN a perspective on working on this stuff: Working on these micrographs is like looking for a penny on 4 football fields: I tried to see how long it would take me to search the physical area for any coins, and it took 4 1/2 hours and I did not find a penny, but I found two dimes.

This is maddening work, and again, thanks.

They were using the 6th and 7th bytes of the GDT/LDT, which were reserved, and since it affected protected mode, and virtual mode addressing, was likely stored in the microcode. Which affected Xenix, and pissed off Intel enough, that they fixed their version of Xenix, and no one else's, SCO did a rewrite and charged $500 for the privilege of running a multi-user OS.

Add to #8, the new addressing modes, the new protected modes, which affected ALU OPS, Moves, calls, redirects, and indirects.

#7, the Microcode entry points are linked directly to the instruction decode logic, and of course not limited to the great LOADALL instruction, and the new multi-stage instruction pipeline, and prefetch.

This took years for AMD to blackbox the 386, and then:

"1987–1992: The arbitration proceeding, originally expected to take only six weeks, dragged on for nearly five years."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_discontinued_x86_instr....

"The 80386 microcode was successfully extracted and publicly disassembled by a team of hardware historians and demoscene researchers (including reenigne, Ken Shirriff, and others). They extracted the 94,720-bit microcode ROM from 80386 die shots by combining image processing, neural networks, and human-aided automation. AI tools played a crucial role in cleaning up the die images, detecting cell patterns, and binarizing the data before humans parsed the 37-bit microinstruction formats. You can read about the full process on the Reenigne Blog.By contrast, the 8086 microcode was extracted through purely human-driven analysis of die photos. The 8086's 21-bit microcode is simpler and was fully reverse-engineered and disassembled in 2020. You can explore the decoded 8086 microinstructions interactively using the nand2mario 8086 Microcode Browser.8086 Microcode Browser - Small Things Retro - nand2marioDec 4, 2025 — Since releasing 486Tang, I've been working on recreating the 8086 with a design that stays as faithful as possible to the original...GitHub80386 Microcode Disassembled - Reenigne blogMay 23, 2026 — Well, they may have taken that as a bit of a challenge - they threw various bits of image processing, neural networks, and human-a...www.reenigne.org80386 microcode disassembled « Reenigne blog - daily.devMay 23, 2026 — 80386 microcode disassembled « Reenigne blog. A detailed account of disassembling the Intel 80386 microcode ROM, a 94720-bit blob ...daily.devi386 - WikipediaMicrocode reverse engineering In May 2026, the Intel 80386 microcode was reverse engineered and publicly disassembled by a group i...Wikipedia8086 microcode disassembled - Reenigne blogSep 3, 2020 — Recently I realised that, as part of his 8086 reverse-engineering series, Ken Shirriff had posted online a high resolution photogr...www.reenigne.orgThe 386 microcode has been fully reverse engineered - Reddit May 24, 2026 — In a group effort, a bunch of demoscene legends like reenigne have reverse engineered the microcode for the 80386, opening the pat...Reddit·r/thisweekinretro80386 microcode disassembled « Reenigne blog | daily.devMay 23, 2026 — 80386 microcode disassembled « Reenigne blog. A detailed account of disassembling the Intel 80386 microcode ROM, a 94720-bit blob ...daily.dev"

I would pay dearly for a credit card sized eink display, that could feed HN, from Wifi, and even with a 2Lb lead acid battery, it would be a joy, and head and shoulders above my current ball and chain type android cell phone.

Make it so.

When I worked at C_ we used to load Some solitaire game (Freecell) to verify that Windows98SE was in 32-bit mode before installing the network stack, and Chief Legal Officer, and from what I understand CLO was $4,000 a seat.

Load Driver, Reboot, Solitare, CLO. and then onward to disk optimizing, and then virus scanning... Two people did 89 machines, in 4 days. an entire floor... Food was delivered, and we slept for 4 hours, in the floor below, and on Friday, The head of Legal called us into his office... we showed him the checklist, as complete, and He laughed... the whole department was both amazed and happy.

He really called us to change his desktop into a scene from JAWS.

It was Windows 98SE that got a 32-bit disk driver upgrade, and FreeCell verified that it was installed.

I could feed a lot of posts into ELIZA...

Yes, A rock-solid workflow for 54+ years.

And ELISA.BAS is still running strong. Its just classic human psychology.

You are basically expanding the zip file, and you can pick and choose.

https://virtualosmuseum.org/readme/#whats-included

Oh, and did I say it was also a threaded-mail reader? A threaded-news reader?

Oh, and lastly, Emacs is a torture device.

Oberon?