I do agree "background" is vague, but I generally assume the minimal threshold to say that is something like a previous career, undergraduate degree, or graduate degree in the background. I personally wouldn't say I had a background in something I was only an amateur enthusiast of.

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That being said, what on earth gives you the idea a substantial background in sociology WOULDN'T be relevant here?

Unlike you, however...

Second, they HAVE to destroy the books because US copyright law REQUIRES it. They're only allowed to digitize the books if it's considered "transformation" and not "copying". That's only allowed if they destroy the book afterwards.

I don't always agree with Doctorow, but he's written a lot of good stuff on how stronger copyright won't help broke artists. Even just today, it turns out: https://pluralistic.net/2026/08/18/enron-corpus/#sign-here

There's no non-douchey reason anyone tries to take a general statement about slavery, and brings up curated facts designed to allow you to trash talk whichever region and people you were queuing up.

You "accumulate" an answer one item at a time, but there's no guarantee any dimensions are getting reduced.

You can easily duplicate the effects of map with reduce, for example, so the dims would stay the same. You could even expand dimensions, if you like, turning a 1-d array with n elements into an s X t 2-d array. If the reducing function tracks the total number of elements seen, it can easily know when to start a new row.

This is part of why people keep pointing out the name, "reduce", is a bit misleading.

1. He should probably go back on his bipolar medication, even if he feels less creative on it. 2. Paying for the surgery his mother died during really messed up his head. Partly because he probably blames himself, partly because she was one of the few stabilizing influences in his life. He really started going downhill after.

He might have always been impulsive-grandstanding-interrupt-Taylor-Swift Kanye, but it's conceivable he wouldn't have morphed into slavery-is-a-state-of-mind-"i-love-hitler"-antisemitic Kanye.

Sigh. "I miss the old Kanye." Time to give 808s and Heartbreak a re-listen.

Shopify's CEO was in the news just recently for arguing that rich people should be able to cast more votes. That's the most naked anti-democracy stance I've heard in ages.

(And this is before we get into funding "deport-the-foreigners-and-minorities" DHH's Omarchy.)

Same reason a ton of us pay for AWS/GCloud/Azure instead of dealing with bare metal. (And I say this as someone running an edge fleet. If I didn't need to, I wouldn't.)

Bit of a nit, but can you add that as a note to the legends/graphs in the future? As a layperson, it helps us to orient to graphs with unknown metrics.

Thanks for the article, btw!

Are we talking about "so-and-so was rude at a conference", or are we talking about "so-and-so praises white supremacists and alt-right figures"? Some faults a little more tolerable than others.

I would expect Google to handle broken or missing sitemaps, honestly.

You praise DHH and Charlie Kirk, your moral compass is broken.