That would be true _if_ they were forced to open source all their code, but it isn’t today.

> Even if, say, google open sources its whole search infrastructure, it does not at all means you can just host your own due to the huge hardware requirements

You can’t but Acme Inc and other bigcorps could, and Google’s margins would evaporate overnight.

That’s fine in theory, but won’t fly in practice for all destructive, irreversible actions. As an example, how do you prevent a chatbot from generating a highly insulting/racist remark or incorrect or illegal advice that will, later cost you millions?

Human oversight is (deemed) too expensive.

A deterministic script can detect known profanities, but may suffer from a variant of the Scunthorpe problem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scunthorpe_problem), and won’t detect unknown profanities or creative ones that don’t use any words that are considered profane. A deterministic script also is very bad at detecting legal issues with responses.

“Don’t reply a chatbot” will work for that, but for many, that doesn’t seem to be an option.

“The Zone rouge (French for 'Red Zone') is a chain of non-contiguous areas throughout northeastern France that the French government isolated after the First World War. The land, which originally covered more than 1,200 square kilometres (460 square miles), was deemed too physically and environmentally damaged by conflict for human habitation. Rather than attempt to immediately clean up the former battlefields, the land was allowed to return to nature. Restrictions within the Zone rouge still exist today, although the control areas have been greatly reduced.

The Zone Rouge was defined just after the war as "Completely devastated. Damage to properties: 100%. Damage to Agriculture: 100%. Impossible to clean. Human life impossible".

[…]

The areas are saturated with unexploded shells (including many gas shells), grenades, and rusting ammunition. Soils were heavily polluted by lead, mercury, chlorine, arsenic, various dangerous gases, acids, and human and animal remains. The area was also littered with ammunition depots and chemical plants. The land of the Western Front is covered in old trenches and shell holes.

Each year, numerous unexploded shells are recovered from former WWI battlefields in what is known as the iron harvest. According to the Sécurité Civile, the French agency in charge of the land management of Zone rouge, 300 to 700 more years at this current rate will be needed to clean the area completely. Some experiments conducted in 2005–2006 discovered up to 300 shells per hectare (120 per acre) in the top 15 centimetres (6 inches) of soil in the worst areas. [better source needed]

Some areas still remain heavily contaminated. For example, at a site in the vicinity of Verdun known as the Place à Gaz (49.3116°N 5.5888°E), arsenic constitutes up to 176 grams per kilogram (18%) in the soil. In the 1920s, chemical warfare shells containing arsenic were destroyed there by thermal treatment. ”

Prince of Persia info at https://www.jordanmechner.com/en/library/#pop

See https://en.cppreference.com/cpp/language/operator_alternativ...

You let a second LLM supervise the first, and don’t give the user/customer any way to send information to that LLM.

For example, you can run a LLM trained to do sentiment analysis on the responses your customer chatbot generates and filter out responses that are impolite.

You also can run one trained to flag potential legal issues, thus ‘preventing’ your chatbot from making the wrong promises to users.

How? Aren’t all update requests made to, and all updates downloaded from their servers?

Also, doesn’t the system that pushes emergency updates (https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/deployment/dep93ff7ea7...) have to know what OS you are running?

From the front, they somewhat do. See https://uconnladybug.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/0...

Is it? I would think that the useful notification would be “Erica didn’t make it to school safely”. A notification that kids are where they are expected to be will needlessly distract parents many millions of times, and may cause anxiety every time it’s a few minutes late. I think it would be a net loss to society.

Luckily, I don’t think that image shows a notification. AFAICT, it’s a response from a user actively asking their phone where that watch is.

If hints are what they say they are, they cannot guarantee anything.

And they indeed are hints. FTA: “The documentation is explicit: advice "can only produce plans the core planner considers viable." Advice only nudges the planner toward one it already considered.”

https://github.com/ronnychevalier/cargo-multivers:

“After building the different versions, it computes a hash of each version and it filters out the duplicates (i.e., the compilations that gave the same binaries despite having different CPU features). Finally, it builds a runner that embeds one version compressed (the source) and the others as compressed binary patches to the source. For instance, when building for the target x86_64-pc-windows-msvc, by default 4 different versions will be built, filtered, compressed, and merged into a single portable binary.

When executed, the runner uncompresses and executes the version that matches the CPU features of the host.”

Hopefully (and likely) the patches will not be too large, but for 6 binary compiler flags, you’d still have 2⁶ binaries.

They also (claim to) ensure those servers run only software they have approved to run on it.

(Part of their software are models derived from Google Gemini, but that’s orthogonal to this)

Because that’s where the user-noticeable gains can be made. Using popcount in code you run once is going to shave off, maybe, 100 cycles. That isn’t worth the extra cycles of that approach.

Also, FTA: “and arguably the whole scheme should be replaced by finer-grained feature detection”. Such feature detection would lead to a combinatorial explosion of different binaries.

Finally, where it really matters, it’s not only a matter of recompiling the same code. For optimal performance, you also want to change loop unrolling strategy, stride count, etc.

That’s why you want to run their type checker on your API. you cannot know what “their type checker” is, so you want to run all popular type checkers on your API.

Create a thread in your own address space, and your process becomes multi-threaded. Create an address space, load some code in it, and create a thread there, and you fork/exec-ed.

In my memory, that OS was MACH, but Google doesn’t confirm that for me.

Cricket puts restrictions on the pitch (ground must be fairly hard and even where the ball bounces) that are easily met in typically dry India but harder to meet in wet England, where they need to nurture/torture grass to get the right conditions (growing it to get long, strongly interleaving roots, but then drying out the ground and cutting the grass very short to not make the bouncing ball slip)

For example, if one allows one coordinate of one corner to be non rational, I think the set of potential output coordinates used would be a subset of the reals (depending on the value of that coordinate), and to my (possibly very bad) intuition, formalizing that subset doesn’t feel like a hard problem.

Allowing two of such real points would make things more tedious, potentially way more tedious, but again, doesn’t feel like it would be impossible to handle.

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I don’t know how they implemented it, though. Under the hood, it could do the equivalent of a fork/exec pair.