For encoding, you can always write a simple encoder that use only the features that were present in mpeg2, and it will be about as efficient as mpeg2 as well. Newer codecs has more features that allows more efficient encoding, at the cost of more processing.

If this is correct, it was not a von Neuman machine originally, but it eventually became one, and at approximately the same time as the Manchester Baby.

The nautical mile is not an SI unit, so it is not defined by a single organization, Your definition used to be the common definition, but it seems like the relevant organizations has updated the definition to be exactly 1852 m. If the original definition of the meter applies, then it would have been 1851.85 or 15 cm shorter, but with newer measurement of the earth, it would have been more like 1855 m.

Zinc on the other hand is present in all samples in about the same amount, including the unused one. That means that the zinc is likely from the fire retardant rather than the environment. Other metals are present in slightly higher amounts in the environmental samples, and often only in some of the samples. In that case both the fire retardant and the fires/environment are likely to contribute.

To me it seems like copper, lead and manganese are mostly from the fires, while zinc and chromium seems to be from the fire retardant. Then there is the sample from the Franklin fire, that seems to be higher in everything.

What happens is that the squares doesn't stay square like in your screenshot, but varies in size depending on which pieces are in that row. The height of a row varies, but the width of the columns always stays the same.

Edit: It is often not the lowest row that get hidden, often e.g row 4 and 5 get so low that you can't put any pieces there.

Carbon in form of coal is currently used for three purposes in steel production:

1) Heat up the ore to high temperatures

2) Reduce iron oxide to iron.

3) Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

Only for the third of these carbon is essential, and that requires some tens of kilos carbon per ton of steel as opposed to more than 2 tons carbon per ton of steel. The two first ones can be replaced by electrical heating and hydrogen respectively. There are currently being built some factories in northern Sweden for doing this, using hydrogen produced by hydropower. Without sufficient tax on carbon or customers willing to pay the extra for "green steel", it is not cost competitive for now.

Not really. Formats like mp4 can't be parsed without reading the container header, that may be at the start or end of the file. Thus you can't read an mp4 by starting in the middle without reading the header and then seek to the middle of the file. This is the case regardless of encoding parameters. With mpeg-ts on the other hand, you can seek to a random place in the middle, and recover the stream on the next Iframe. Not many other file formats allow this.

I don't say I necessarily agree with that position. it would have large implications on how advanced degrees are given, which is part of why the government pay for research in addition to the science output. There for sure are other things that must be handled differently in society as well, but that's the argument as I understand it. To some extent government labs as well as private research organizations to some extent do research outside of universities already, but most science happens inside universities and is combined with education.

“The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory experiment shows that scientists can get more energy out than put in by the laser itself. This is great progress indeed, but still more is needed: first we need to get much more out that is put in so to account for losses in generating the laser light etc (although the technology for creating efficient lasers has also leapt forward in recent years). Secondly, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory could in principle produce this sort of result about once a day – a fusion power plant would need to do it ten times per second. However, the important takeaway point is that the basic science is now clearly well understood, and this should spur further investment. It is encouraging to see that the private sector is starting to wake up to the possibilities, although still long term, of these important emerging technologies.”

While this spins it in an optimistic way, the challenges to make this work are significant. The laser is quite inefficient, so the gain must be much much larger before you have net energy gain. To scale it up to implode a capsule tens of times a second rather than a few times a day, is in the order of 100.000 times more frequent than today.Thus this is a long way from commercial production.

There is a really deep rabbit hole when it comes to doing this more efficiently, getting into signal processing, modulation, encoding, error correction and more.

And of cause, things like modems, tape storage on c64 and other home computers did this a long time ago. It is just that audio has such a low bandwidth that it is not possible to get up to the bandwidth we expect these days.