Basically, it is a next level of jamming techniques used against western radio stations in old times - active trolling instead of passive jamming, using paid people instead of dumb noise generators.

What Russians developed is very efficient (optimized, if you wish) set of methods to manipulate the minds of idiots, to implant naive, unverified (and unquestioned by wast majority of idiots) assumptions and false premises, in forms of emotionally charged but primitive memes (textual or graphical) - "Shillary will start WW3". Fucking degenerates.

In the same way all the Russian media propaganda is organized nowadays - meme-like framed "news", tailored to the vocabulary and mentality of uneducated, primitive majority, along with marketing-like targeting. You do not have to have a PhD to do that.

What happened is that almost everyone else nowadays are re-using these simple ready-made methods. All this is nothing but virus-like meme contagion, plus applied manipulative psychology of advertising on internet scale. That's all. No KGB agents or anything like that.

How a third-world, corruption-ridden country with stagnant economy could be so powerful? It obviously wasn't. The cause is these "information viruses" (memes) spreading through human stupidity. Russians didn't invent them, of course, only used on a large scale.

BTW, "error" is a misleading term - it communicates some fault, at least in the common sense. Distance would be much better term.

So, "squared distance" makes much more sense, because negative distance is nonsense.

There is the only one way to prove something - it is to show that there are logical truth of all the statements and implication all the way back to the starting assumptions. Students learn this in an undergrads AI class, leave alone the basics of mathematical logic.

This shit is full of gaps in logic, just a pile of memes upon memes (dark energy, my ass!) and bullshit all the way down. Just a single flaw in logic anywhere in the chain of statements is enough to throw away all the crap. A single failed assertion.

Things which are not confirmed by independently replicated experiments are beliefs not facts. Socially constructed memes. The people who speculate about unproven sets of beliefs are sectarians, not scientists.

This and similar bullshit is no different from the cosmology on the walls of Egyptian pyramids or the stories about angels pushing the planets to keep them moving on its orbits.

The Common Lisp code is almost as easy to read as the pseudocode of the book and it is absolutely unnecessary to go through all that type clutter and fancy compositions to satisfy the type-checker. There is zero advantage in doing all this static typing acrobatics.

The AIMA supplementary Common Lisp code is definitely worth looking and it is the case study for demonstrating the advantages of dynamic typing.

BTW, AIMA python code is also very nice, short and clear but order of magnitude slower compared to the compiled native code state-of-the-art implementations of Common Lisp produce.

BBTW, Swift3 port would be really cool.

It seems that this is an ideal case for the Less Is More principle.

BTW, conversation laws are hinting to an illusory nature of time. Change of compound structures do exist and it is in everything we are able to observe. But the whole is unchanged, no matter what fancy theories or simulations would say.