Git also writes (non-logs) to the .git folder for operations that you would assume should have been r/o, but that’s another problem (that affects things later on).

This can not be solved with tech, it’s a people problem.

Conflicts between branches is only a symptom of conflicts between people. Some want individual freedom to manage branches in whatever way (and these people are usually very open to other people managing branches in another way), but some people are against this freedom and thinks branches should be managed centrally by an authority (such people usually have a problem working on their own).