talkie-1930: He can become a woman. In the East, females are sometimes born, who are denominated Hermaphrodites; and in medical books, instances are recorded of persons of this description, having exercised the functions both of men and women. Hermaphrodites have been known to marry, and to have children of both sexes; but, in general, the male sex has predominated. The term hermaphrodite is derived from two Greek words, signifying both male and female. In the animal kingdom, hermaphrodites are not uncommon; and in the vegetable world, they are still more frequent.

talkie-1930: The American Civil War was fought to decide whether the United States should permanently remain half slave and half free, or become wholly free. Slavery was abolished, and the unity of the republic was preserved.

User: What would you say to someone who claims the war was fought about state rights, not about slavery?

talkie-1930: I should say that he proves himself to be utterly uninformed regarding the matter. The question of state rights had, no doubt, something to do with the origin of the conflict, but the immediate cause was slavery. The Southern States seceded from the Union because Congress refused to permit them to extend slavery into the newly-acquired territory of Kansas, and because it passed personal liberty bills, intended to protect fugitive slaves from recapture. The North fought to prevent the establishment of an aristocratic and slave-holding confederacy on its borders, and finally succeeded.

This doesn't explain why cycling seems to attract more doping than running. I don't even know if it's true that it does. But there might be something there given the institutional problems cycling has had with doping. Back in the day, it was entire teams doping, with the team staff and doctors in on it, and it's not like they all left when the sport tried to clean up. Either way, the reputation has stuck around.

Some women do have penises. Some men have XX chromosomes. Some women have XY chromosomes. Some people have XX and XY chromosomes. Science tells us that. This has nothing to do with transgender people. But it does suggest "sex" might not be as simple as a metaphysical binary.

I think covid will be more memorable, partly because it was more serious, but also because our reaction to it was much stronger, especially in some parts of the world. My understanding is that there were generally only minimal efforts at containing those flu pandemics. Incidentally, my grandparents also had time off school because of the polio epidemic.

That said, the Spanish flu, the last respiratory pandemic comparable to covid (actually, worse) isn't remembered well. I wouldn't be surprised if most people have heard of it only because of covid.

I could be wrong but I'm pretty sure Fair Use doesn't mean you can download a dump of Library Genesis and feed that into your system!

> China's long-term dependence on executed prisoners as organ donors will end at the start of next year, according to a high-ranking official.

http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-12/05/content_190287...

My understanding is the debates are over whether or not it still happens and to what extent political prisoners (particularly Falun Gong members) were victims.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_zombie

LoRA, or Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models, lets people fine tune a LLM (making it perform better for a particular application) using vastly less resources. Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.09685.pdf

A strong majority want to maintain the status quo or gradually move toward independence. Very few want unification. It's important to understand that China promises to invade if Taiwan declares independence (the Anti-Secession Law requires that response), which means many people would ideally prefer independence but in practice support the status quo because de facto independence (the status quo) is better than being invaded. Both sides of Taiwanese politics formally support the status quo, although the DPP has stronger pro-independence leanings.

Taiwanese identity (as opposed identifying as Chinese) has also trended up in recent decades and now most people only consider themselves to be Taiwanese and not Chinese. https://esc.nccu.edu.tw/PageDoc/Detail?fid=7800&id=6961

What he's complaining about (that the system of one representative from each electorate biases against candidates who could never win in one electorate but have a modest amount of support in the entire population) is worth contemplating, but isn't gerrymandering. New Zealand addresses this problem by giving everyone two votes, an electorate vote and a party vote, and members are chosen from electorates and party lists. New Zealand only has one chamber. Australia has two. Australia's Upper House is elected at a state level with multiple members from each state, so this is where minor party candidates get elected.