[1] https://worksinprogress.co/issue/why-japan-has-such-good-rai...

https://eng.vsco.co/reviving-kodachrome/

[0] https://emulsive.org/articles/darkroom/developing-film/they-...

As for the cider company, sounds like they've been selling it like it since 1913[2], but registered it in 1919? My guess is that since it was a regional product with the product type in the name that's already established (like [3]), they allowed it.

[0] https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3... (translated: https://ja-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%...) [1] https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/kenjiando/mitsubishi-pencil [2] https://www.mitsubishi.com/ja/series/yataro/11/ [3] https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9B%A3%...

[0] https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%B9%98%EB%83%89%EC... [1] https://namu.wiki/w/%EA%B9%80%EC%B9%98%EB%83%89%EC%9E%A5%EA%... [2] https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1750-384...

[1] Example here https://www.lge.co.kr/support/product-manuals?title=manual&m..., see table on page 10, it's between -0.7°C and -1.7°C for kimchi.

[0] https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/30/244995264/... [1] https://imgur.com/source-http-wp-me-poxsk-pq-8IFLFoJ

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Smith_(translator)

One can have a few 155 mi range vehicles for field trips, sports games, etc. but the majority of the fleet can be much smaller for every day uses.

[0] https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60068.pdf [1] https://www.ridezum.com/blog/electric-school-buses-the-benef... [2] https://gopublicschoolsoakland.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/0...

Also, for the SFMTA[0] as an example, different routes use different vehicles depending on the size & route & electrification. It doesn't have to be air travel to want a few varieties to fit all the needs.

Here are some stats[1, page 3]: An average school bus route is 32 miles, with max observed being 127 miles (and this is most likely a very rural route, not like the Oakland example here; in fact, here's an average of student distances for Oakland[2]). Given such a long time period between school start and end times, I expect most of these to be able to be charged between the two shifts with the exception of some field trips.

If you look at the Zum website, their buses are capable of 155 miles[3]. I suspect this was designed to fit the highest range case described in the paper, but almost 5x the average route distance. For most non-rural school districts, even if you account for some detours and faulty charging even, x2 (or x3, sure) seems reasonable to keep as the majority of the fleet. And perhaps you can keep a few of the largest range ones if the school regularly has field trips in that range.

For what it's worth, ETOPS regulations are interesting look for how aviation deals with failure modes for range/routing. Assuming failures are rare, the idea is to ensure the planes have enough to get to safety, not just put as much range as possible on all the planes.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Municipal_Railwa... [1] https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/60068.pdf [2] https://gopublicschoolsoakland.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/0... [3] https://www.ridezum.com/blog/electric-school-buses-the-benef...

1) School districts could buy a mixture of different ranged buses to fit their needs. After all, airlines have a mixture of planes in the fleet for different range / needs and not just have all the fleet be the largest / longest range model, and

2) The manufacturer offers range conversions later since it's a more commercial use than consumer EVs, especially when they want to sell it to different school districts. They probably need to do battery swaps when batteries degrade beyond a certain degree anyway.

Carrying additional capacity takes a lot of material (that could be used for other batteries especially) and energy. I get that it's convenient, but I hope folks put a little care into it than just put large batteries everywhere.