Even when their edicts are overturned by the courts they suffer no consequences.

So I could easily believe that we are already at +2 K for the year as whole.

It's very hard to hide the fact that someone else did an assignment when you have to defend it in front your tutor and a small group of fellow students and it's next to impossible to pass a final viva without knowing and understanding what you are talking about.

The problem is we have all become addicted to cheap 'education' and a the traditional methods are expensive.

But I think the institutions and the students need to ask themselves what the university is for. Is it to hand out diplomas or is it there so that the students can learn? A student who only wants the diploma has an incentive to cheat, one who wants to learn does not because the only person cheated is themself.

Keeping a stock of million dollar items in case one fails once in fifty years is pretty poor use of capital. By the time you get to use it the standards will have changed. And how many different transformers will you keep in stock> You can't reasonably use 500 MVA transformers everywhere, some places only need a 250 MVA unit and might not have space for anything larger. Which voltages will you choose and what will you do with your 500 kV transformer when the backbone gets upgraded to 650 kV or 750 kV or 1 MV?

Do you think that the people who run electricity distribution systems don't think of these things?

But even fairly small standard specification distribution transformers are custom designs or very short runs. It's not economical to make the same design year after year because the relative prices of copper and core steel vary over time. A design made last year can be uneconomical to make this year because last year copper was relatively cheap so the designer used a lighter core and more copper to achieve the required efficiency. But if this year the copper price has gone up while the core steel price has gone down it would cost more to make the same design while the same specification could be achieved for a lower material cost by making a new design.

The new design is not a new type and for distribution transformers the effort required to design it is of the order of a man hour or two, far less than the difference in material costs.

For very large transformers (megavolt HVDC for instance) the situation is somewhat different and the design can take a very long time. But the opportunities for standardisation are relatively small because the quantity of units in the market is small and the manufacturers and regulators are always chasing ever greater efficiencies.

A far as specifications go there is already quite a lot of standardisation. But standards evolve over time and transformers can last for over half a century so you inevitably end up with a mixture of device types

Also, if one of your paralleled large power transformers fails you can't just buy an off the shelf replacement because no one keeps a stock of items that cost a million dollars each.

Switching to USB-C was trivial because most of the devices involved are essentially consumables with lifetimes measured in handfuls of years ad often much less so the old stuff withers away rapidly. That is not the case with large capital projects such as national electrical networks

Remember that the product has a typical lifetime measured in decades, there are huge numbers of large power transformers that have been in near continuous operation for over half a century. When one of those fails it is often more economical to repair it than replace it with a new one but that depends on there being institutions that understand what was done fifty years ago. All this requires the opposite of modern move fast and break things investing.

People who would be at risk of serious harm if they catch it. At least that's how it works in here in Norway. See https://www.fhi.no/en/va/vaccines-for-adults/vaccines-in-the...

What for? I've been writing computer programs and documentation since 1969 and I can't touch type. I've never felt enough pressure to do it. I can still type faster than I can think. When I'm writing most of my time is spent thinking not tapping the keys.

But the US is a major manufacturing nation anyway. US manufacturing output is more than half of that of China while having only a quarter of the population.

When groups like the far right say bring back manufacturing they are just posturing to those voters who have been disadvantaged by changes in the commercial landscape that reduces the number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs. If they really cared about those people they would support massive improvements to education and training so that at least the next generation had a chance rather than idiotic schemes to 'bring back' the kinds of work that no one needs.

What do you mean by this? Surely this applies to humans too, we are animals after all. So what distinction did you intend to make?

And then have the data entry with am and pm.

:-)

I suspect that this should be qualified by "in the US"