Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24582716

Points: 2

# Comments: 1

Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24254751

Points: 3

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Most treatments studied are patented drugs, I never see these types of comments about those.

You could be right, That is what this sounds like to me though. According to the model there is a 50% chance the coin will land on heads, until you flip it.

Eg, a coin flip is deterministic if you know all the forces involved (airflow, force of flip, exact distribution of mass of the coin, etc). But since we are usually ignorant of all that, instead we model it as a bernoulli trial.

Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22691453

Points: 1

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Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22443958

Points: 11

# Comments: 0

Cancer cells rely much more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation (respiration, basically breaking down sugar with oxygen). You get a net of two molecules of ATP from glycolysis compared to 30 or so from respiration, so you can expect that cancer cells need much more sugar than normal cells just to survive. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

Second, glucose competes with dehydroascorbate (DHA, oxidized vitamin c) for glut1/3 transporters. DHA gets transported into cells (in particular RBC's) to be reduced back to the anti-oxidant form by glutathione: ascorbate. Then that ascorbate molecule can remain in the cell acting as an antioxidant or be pumped back out of the cell to the blood, etc.

If DHA doesn't make it into a cell quickly it gets hydrolyzed and excreted and you lose that molecule of vitamin c. So chronically lower blood sugar is expected to conserve your vitamin c and allow higher ascorbate levels, especially within your cells.

This can have all sorts of beneficial effects. Strengthened collagen makes it easier for a tissue to heal/encapsulate the cancer and harder for it to metastasize, quenching free radicals can prevent damage to surrounding tissue, etc.

But also, cancer cells accumulate more iron than normal cells: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5983609/

Ascorbate can also reduce Fe3+ iron to the Fe2+ form. That Fe2+ iron can then undergo the fenton reaction to form free radicals: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF03033342

Those free radicals can go onto to kill the (high iron) cancer cells. For this reason vitamin C kills almost all cancer cell lines in vitro at doses that do not harm normal cells: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2516281/

Which of these statements do you find controversial?

1) Skin cancer rates are rising dramatically

2) Until very recently (in the last ten years) the vast majority of sunblock was transparent to UVA but opaque to UVB

3) Blocking UVB prevents the skins normal darkening and thickening response as well as sunburn

4) UVA penetrates the skin deeper than UVB and causes damage to the DNA in the cells there

5) Damage to the DNA of skin cells is associated with skin cancer

6) Without sunburn to warn people their skin is damaged they are more likely to leave their skin exposed to the sun.