Jeffrey Sachs has been shouting about this from the rooftops from day one, but the "Western Bloc" has been ignoring him at their own peril. It is almost as if they want to force a WWIII, nevermind the suffering of the Ukrainians!

There are plenty of Youtube videos of his speeches, a couple;

Jeffrey Sachs: Understanding the Ukraine conflict (minidoc) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiK6DijNLGE

Jeffrey Sachs Warns Europe About Its Dark Future - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqkyulCBcpY

PS: Also see my other comment here - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50148581

All the above participants use "Reflexive Control" against each other to Manipulate and Propagandize in furtherance of their goals - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_control

The current example is how Ukraine was manipulated into being the sacrificial lamb in order to draw Russia into invading it thus expending its resources while USA/Europe/UK don't suffer as much.

One way to understand this is via Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes by Jacques Ellul - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda:_The_Formation_of_M...

The aim of modern propaganda is no longer to modify ideas, but to provoke action. It is no longer to change adherence to a doctrine, but to make the individual cling irrationally to a process of action.

Propaganda employs encirclement on the individual by trying to surround man by all possible routes, in the realm of feelings as well as ideas, by playing on his will or his needs through his conscious and his unconscious, and by assailing him in both his private and his public life.

Propaganda is concerned with timeliness since an individual is only moved to action if he is pushed towards a timely one by propaganda..."Operational words" are used to penetrate an individual's indifference...Incidentally, there are also the undecided, people whose opinions are vague, who form the majority of citizens within the collective. These citizens are the most susceptible to control of public opinion that is dictated by propaganda.

Political Propaganda involves techniques of influence employed by a government, a party, an administration, or a pressure group with the intention of changing the behavior of the public...The methods of political propaganda are calculated in a precise manner and its main criterion is to disseminate an ideology for the very purpose of making various political acts acceptable to the people.

Sociological propaganda aims to increase conformity with the environment that is of a collective nature by developing compliance with or defense of the established order through long term penetration and progressive adaptation by using all social currents. The propaganda element is the way of life with which the individual is permeated and then the individual begins to express it in film, writing, or art without realizing it...This propaganda reinforces the individual's way of life and represents this way of life as best. Sociological propaganda creates an indisputable criterion for the individual to make judgments of good and evil according to the order of the individual's way of life.

Information is indistinguishable from propaganda in that information is an essential element of propaganda because for propaganda to succeed it must have reference to political or economic reality. Propaganda grafts itself onto an already existing reality through "informed opinion".

Citizens are aware that political decisions affect everybody and governments cannot govern without the support, presence, pressure, or knowledge of the people. Yet the people are incapable of making long term policy so opinion must be created to follow the government because the government cannot be led by opinion. All of this describes the "Mass-Government" relationship characterized by people demanding what has already been decided, in order to appear as though the government is actually caring about what the people need.

The propagandist cannot be constrained by the ideology of his State but must operate in service of the state and be able to manipulate the ideology as if it were an object. The ideology merely provides the content for the propagandist to build off since he is limited to what already is present within the group, nation, or society. The fundamental ideologies are nationalism, socialism, communism, and democracy.

Since democracy depends on public opinion, it is clear that propaganda must be involved...However, as discussed in early chapters Ellul described the masses are incapable of making long-term foreign policy and the government needs to make these decisions in a timely manner. This is where propaganda comes into play and projects an artificial reality to the masses to satisfy their need to participate in government while the decisions are really made behind the scenes. .. Democratic regimes develop propaganda in line with its myths and prejudices. Propaganda stresses the superiority of a democratic society while intensifying the prejudices between democratic and oppressive.

This is an introduction to probabilistic programming for people from across the broad spectrum of backgrounds at the workshop, so it starts with the absolute basics. In particular, I find that most introductions to PPL are written for and by machine-learning and statistics experts. (Here's an exception from Michael Hicks at the Programming Languages Enthusiast blog.) I'm a programming-languages person, so these notes start from the opposite perspective.

The mentioned "exception" by Michael Hicks: What is Probabilistic Programming? - http://www.pl-enthusiast.net/2014/09/08/probabilistic-progra...

Comments URL: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50141954

Points: 2

# Comments: 1

This is so offbeat that i have to know your motivation ;-)

In "Simply Typed Lambda Calculus" (STLC) there are two grammars for a legal expression.

1) Type Grammar - Type ::= inbuilt types | Type1->Type2 (function)

2) Term Grammar - Term ::= constant | variable | lambda abstraction : "Type" | lambda application.

Note how in (2) above "Type" comes into the picture. During compilation, the expression's structure is analyzed and verified against the Typing Rules aka "Type Checking". Once this is passed the expression is considered sound and can be evaluated at runtime.

In "Calculus of Constructions" (CoC) the two grammars are unified into one which gives us powerful concepts like dependent types, polymorphism etc. - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50137880

In Computation this is just made explicit and clear using a "eval function".

See also: Concepts for higher-kinded types in C++20 - https://mmore500.com/cse-491/blog/2020/02/24/concepts-monads...

In fact the "Calculus of Constructions" (CoC) derived from Typed Lambda Calculus unifies everything into a Term like so;

Term ::= variable | lambda abstraction | lambda application | dependant product | sorts (type of types)

For reference see Brandl's work that i list here - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50028902

I still have an old book Putting Metaclasses to Work - A New Dimension in Object-Oriented Programming by Forman et.al somewhere.

There is also the classic The Art of the Metaobject Protocol by Kiczales et.al which is quie relevant here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Metaobject_Prot...

The key difference is that the Type guys do it at compile time (correctness) while the OO guys do it at runtime (flexibility).

Accept that your Religion and its Practice are utterly impractical, useless and dangerous for the 21st century and there might yet be hope for you. The proof is in the fact that all the Islamic countries are backward in almost all measures of progress viz. economic, education, human rights, women's rights, institutional, scientific, technological etc.

The given Wikipedia links provide all relevant and curated data with further links to more resources. Go study them before spouting nonsense here.

To bring this thread to a close, here is an article from an educated professor; Muslim world lags behind in every sphere of life: Dr. Zubair Zafar Khan - https://muslimmirror.com/muslim-world-lags-behind-in-every-s...

Q.E.D.

Your use of the word "Reactor" at first confused me since there is a "Reactor Pattern" for event handling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_pattern) which is not what you mean.

How does your concurrency model differ from that of Erlang (the poster child for distributed concurrency)? Do you have a paper detailing your model and comparing with other languages?

I recently read Roman Obermaisser's excellent book "Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Control Paradigms" which seems applicable to your architecture. At the bottom most level you have a global communication network based on a synchronized global clock and "Time-Triggered"(TT) semantics which is deterministic. A "Event-Triggered"(ET) communication channel is then overlaid on top of it which is non-deterministic. That way the system provides both hard real-time (i.e. TT) and soft real-time (i.e. ET) semantics.

Not true; Eg. Intuitionism via Constructivist Mathematics gave rise to Intuitionistic Type Theory and its various derivatives which are all fundamental to doing "correct" computation.

By forcing one to come up with "proof of existence" by constructing it, in a way, it is more fundamental than Classical Logicism where truths of certain propositions on certain structures are accepted a priori. But once Intuitionism itself was formalized, people forgot its philosophical underpinnings leading to our lack of understanding today.

See also my other comment here - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50127948

> So far AI still doesn't make definitions. It tries but it doesn't really see structure - only patterns on which it can impose (by brute force) known structures.

Insightful and nicely phrased!

Mathematicians are victims of their own success, by systematizing Formalism which made AI possible in the first place.

Paradoxically, they should also be indicted for removing the Human element by deemphasizing the study of Philosophy of Mathematics (i.e. ontology/epistemology/discovery/invention) and its mapping to Reality, but focusing only on formalization as an end in itself.

As you point out, the "definitions" (i.e. conceptual theory) are what is the critical aspect of discovering/inventing/doing mathematics and this has been forgotten in mathematics education since the Formalists gained ascendancy.

I think it is time to go back to the foundations of Mathematics and its Teaching viz. various types of Logical Reasoning, discovered/invented structures and their relationships based on Reality (the ontology and epistemology), with the final goal of understanding Nature itself.

1) What is Mathematics? - https://sci-hub.reatk.com/10.2307/2320582

2) The Three Crises in Mathematics: Logicism, Intuitionism and Formalism - https://sci-hub.reatk.com/10.2307/2689412

AI is the fourth crisis in Mathematics!

Formalism has been so successful that the General Public thinks that is all there is to Mathematics. And now AI has made this trivial.

But hopefully, Mathematicians are looking at more foundational and philosophical underpinnings.

You are, when you start explaining how "Sharia is not bad" when an innocent man is sentenced to death under "Sharia law"!

Don't be a blatant hypocrite.

I am not a Westerner but had lived in the West for a while, so i can tell you that Western hypocrisy is trivial when compared to Islamic hypocrisy which is the worst in every dimension. This is why so many Muslims leave their own countries and try to move to the developed Western World by-hook-or-by-crook.

You have no idea of what you are talking about and hence some education is in order.

1) Criticism of Islam - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam

2) Criticism of Islamism - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism

3) Islamic Fundamentalism - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism

4) Islamic Terrorism - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism

I wouldn't call it "subsets" as much as support for "Multiple Paradigms" in the same language. They can all be used together to express powerful abstractions. James Coplien wrote "Multi-Paradigm Design for C++" in 1998 (before C++11!). Then people figured out Template metaprogramming etc. and the design space became even more wider.

Today with all the available language features and library additions you never have to leave the language at all whatever be the platform(cpu-arch+OS) you are working on. Add-in trivial interop with C and there is nothing out of bounds.