Waymos are currently dropping off and picking up passengers in a bike lane which is not legal (because it is dangerous) however many ride share drivers also do this. As somebody who is commonly a biker / pedestrian I am excited that AVs will likely make many things safer for that class of user. That being said, I do worry about how we encode these "social understandings" of laws. - A waymo I rode in on a highway was happy to go slightly above the speed limit - It seems at stop signs waymo prefers to be slightly aggressive to make it through rather than follow the letter of the law.

It seems silly that we have to teach robots to break certain laws sometimes but parking in bike lanes / yielding to pedestrians are laws that human drivers break all the time and I hope the mechanisms mentioned in the article prevent us from teaching robots to program anti-social but common behavior.

https://futurism.com/future-society/waymo-bike-lanes-traffic

If anything I'm surprised that this is happening in an area that hasn't benefited as much from dramatic reductions in electricity costs (places with Wind + Solar without large tariff regimes) rather than Australia or the southern latitudes of the US.

> their pet things that are obviously worth complicating the tax code to do

I agree that this is at the root of the problem but I think that can be addressed by making it easier to file taxes or by reducing the complexity of the tax code. The child tax credit is a relatively common type of benefit across rich countries. The tax code could be simplified by administering this benefit via direct cash transfers through a different government agency. I think from this perspective, the IRS is _extremely_ efficient at benefit administration.

My personal opinion is that the tax code is not always a bad way to administer benefits but the paperwork burden is the problem and the experience of filing taxes needs to be made easier.

1) How the welfare state is administered - as an example, the US does a child tax credit as part of the tax code, other countries have agencies that are setup to give parents money directly. We are trying to do _more_ with our taxes.

2) State taxes - the fact that there are multiple agencies that have their own rules and procedures makes things more complicated. Many localities have their own laws which can be hard to deal with. Efile has improved this since there are fewer ways for states to ask for new information

3) A lack of political will to simply. For the purposes of taxes, the us have multiple definitions of "are you 65" (were you 65 on Jan 1, were you 65 on Dec 31, etc). This makes taxes more complicated than they need to be

4) Conflicts between making things simple and incentivizing a behavior things like no taxes on tips or an EV tax credit both make filling taxes more complicated with the way that the tax code works right now. With better systems, this could all be taken care of for the taxpayer but right now it would require a more complex tax filing process

Direct File was able to solve some of these problems, even automatically using data the government had already where possible. Ultimately I think it is possible to make taxes automatic in the US but the data flows required for it are probably more complex than in other countries due to the fragmented nature of the US government.

I'm curious why a second repository was created for this.

I did some math and you're clearly right. I think I imagined that with driver-less vehicles leaving much more frequently (10s per minute) one could catch up to the capacity of a small light rail system but that's clearly not the case. I had imagined that _maybe_ it could be an approach for a lower capacity system in the future.

My math as someone who is not knowledgeable in how to get this data is as follows:

In Seattle is running 4 car trains at 8 minute headways at peak which works out to 7500 people per hour at crush load (4 cars, 250 people per car, 7.5 times per hour). This would require 125 vehicles with 5 seats leaving every minute which is clearly impossible.

Looking at Portland's MAX, it looks like they often run 2 car service with 160 passengers of capacity each with service every 15 minutes so 1280 people per hour (2 cars, 160 per car, 4 services per hour).

1280 people per hour could be served by a 5 seat vehicle leaving every ~15 seconds. This I suppose is what I had expected would happen when I tried to imagine the best case scenario for this service.

- Direct File: Was built by the US government to make tax filing easier - Free File: Is a subsidy from the US government to tax software to make it cheaper for people to file taxes

Direct file had the promise of making things easier and cheaper overall while Free File is more of a cost shifting approach.

Features like importing tax data from other federal government systems were included in Direct File to make it easier to file taxes. These types of features would be hard for those outside the government to do. At a values level, Free File provides funding to the tax preparation software companies. These companies benefit from difficulty in filing taxes because it creates a market for their products.

Secondly, there is the issue of State / Local taxes - the IRS only receives federal tax data making it hard to automatically fill out the whole tax return since efiling products tend to file federal / state taxes together.

This year, direct file allowed people to import their W2s and 1099-INTs automatically based on the information the IRS had: https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/blob/main/direct-f...

https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/blob/main/direct-f...

- Employers don't tell the federal government about state tax information and when they do, the government doesn't store that information

- W2s aren't due to the SSA at the opening of tax filing season and penalties aren't commonly enforced for submitting w2s on time.

https://github.com/IRS-Public/direct-file/blob/main/direct-f...

From the article:

> Whereas the Netherlands clearly differentiates roads and streets — as do Germany, Spain, and France — the US is known for having “stroads,” roads where cars reach high speeds yet must also avoid drivers entering from adjacent businesses and homes. The majority of fatal crashes in American cities happen on these “stroads,” and impact pedestrians and cyclists in particular.

I think this will be _more_ important with autonomous driving. We've developed a built environment where car through traffic and destinations are co-mingled which leaves very little room for people to actually experience their destinations when they get out of their vehicles.

Perhaps I'm wrong, but my expectation is that the problem of "stroads" will only become more apparent if less focus is placed on getting from point A to B and more on where a person is trying to go which is my current long term expectations of the impacts of autonomous vehicles.

How you do manage web servers and starting / stopping processes

Traditionally, PHP/Ruby/Python have had a process per request model but even then, how these processes are started and what memory is shared between requests is different

node.js when deployed on a server allowed one process to serve many requests through the use of the event loop but this has changed with the use AWS Lambda (one process per request) which has opened up more efficient approaches (cloudflare workers)

How do you manage database connections or other shared resources PHP and Laravel expect certain types of things (i.e. db connections) to be long running. How do you deal with scaling up/down your servers in this world?

Laravel has it's own ORM with it's own apis. Can these APIs be improved to allow things to be more easily scaled?

vercel

I think vercel has shown that a tight integration between React and Infrastructure can provide a lot of value to many types of teams. I would expect the same types of benefits could exist for laravel/php!

I'm not sure in which "best of both worlds" a standard hybrid is better than a PHEV - a PHEV allows for cheaper fuel (grid electricity) when it's available. That being said, the extra cost is associated with larger batteries than standard hybrids. As batteries come down in price / size, I'm not sure why people would want a standard hybrid over a PHEV.