I don't see either line making a financial return on the investment, but the NZ government is financing it all by plundering the NZ Super Fund, which was originally intended to provide super payments for NZ's over-65-yr-old retirees. Of course, they're framing it all as "the Fund is making a long-term investment in the country's transport infrastructure", making the eventual huge losses some other goverment's problem.

> Netflix used Groovy

Does Netflix still use Groovy? You make it sound like they no longer use it for new coding projects. If they do, you should have written "Netflix uses Groovy" and said what they still use it for.

If you let your Apache Groovy scripts get too large before switching on static compilation, you often have to modify the types and logic in your programs before they'll even compile. This problem occurs because static compilation was only bolted onto Groovy for version 2.0 and there's an impedance mismatch between what's required for its dynamic and static modes.

... and prescient life. Don't forget the next stage on from sentience. The line between sentience and prescience also seems blurred, given how many humans nowadays report having flashes of the future.

But even for scientific writing, my dictionary translates DNA as 脱氧核糖核酸, where 脱 means peel off, 氧 means oxygen, and 核糖核酸 means RNA, so DNA = de-oxy-RNA. As for RNA, 核糖 means ribose and 核酸 means nucleic acid. And in 核酸, 核 means nucleus/core/pip and 酸 means sour/acid, so again the meaning of the characters joined together are simply the sum of their parts. That's always been the case in my limited experience with medical words in Mandarin.

And if Groovy is so "ruthlessly" Java-syntax compatible, why doesn't it have lambda syntax over 5 yrs after they were added to Java?

[1] https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/

You should say "a programmer needs social skill as well as technical skills to be valuable". If a programmer doesn't have a basic aptitude for programming-like tasks, they won't be able to understand how the language works, anticipate technical problems, or organize and design systems. Until you've worked in a group that's filled with "programmers" who don't have the aptitude for coding, you won't really understand this. The social skill must complement the technical aptitude and skills, but is not more important than them. In fact, I'm even suspicious of people who say "the most valuable skill a programmer can have isn't technical, but rather social" because they often turn out to be aptitudinally-challenged programmers themselves.

I can understand both how and why someone would push Apache Groovy's ranking higher up the Tiobe results, but I wouldn't know how you could push it down, let alone why anyone would. #81 is probably as accurate nowadays as the mid-40's has been for most of Groovy's life on Tiobe since 2006. Groovy's seen a significant drop in use (outside Gradle) over the past few years.

That 220b LOC is because most newly-written COBOL programs today are copied and pasted from some other large existing program, then some small parts of it changed. I know in one large corp I once worked at, a manager ordered that instead of a new code being created for a new customer in the program suite as was usually done, every program in the suite was cloned and the new customer's name was hard-coded into the strings in the program text. That manager got the new system up and running in record time and was well regarded by his peers. The maintenance programmers and computer operators got some extra job security in the years ahead too.

Did you get this list of 15 languages from TIOBE's July 2019 top 15 rankings at https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ ? It also says Apache Groovy has risen from #81 in July 2018 to #15 today. I do believe the #81 ranking but the rise to #15 only 12 months later is ludicrous. Someone's obviously spamming a search engine to get that ranking up. I know someone does the same thing with Groovy downloads from Bintray.

Now if Groovy's ranking has been fabricated over the past year, then surely some others of those languages have also been similarly fabricated for much longer, and their popularity has been exaggerated.

Oh, and that's a good night's sleep, not a programmer's every-other-night sleep, so better stage that 25 mins over four days, not two.

'rakudo' is an implementation of 'Rakudo', huh? It's only natural for one to tag the specification and an implemention of it with different nouns in one's mind, even when there's only one implementation. I tend to think of 'go' being the reference implementation of the language called 'Golang', although its Google backers don't differentiate their official names.

Apache Groovy is two languages. The Groovy 2.x download, first released in 2012, bundles two different compilers that were both forked from the Groovy 1 compiler. Only one of them has upgraded to the JDK-7 invoke-dynamic capabilities, and the other (which hasn't) is the one actually used by Gradle and Jenkins and everyone else. Last month, the Groovy project managers at the ASF announced they were keeping the upcoming Groovy 3 as two separate languages also. The long-awaited parser upgrade from Antlr 2 to Antlr 4 is being bolted on to the invoke-dynamic compiler only -- the compiler no-one uses. They talked about Groovy 4 reverting back to a single language, but i'm guessing that's many years away because the original purpose of making Groovy be two languages in the first place was to not change the language that users actually use in any way, while simultaneously appeasing their own developers by bundling the code they wrote (invoke-dynamic bytecode generation, Antlr 4 parser upgrade, etc) in the language.

I thought Grails uses Spring Boot only from 3 onwards, and only versions up to Grails 2.x have a plugin ecosystem. Virtually no-one has upgraded their apps and plugins since Grails 3 came out in early 2015, and no-one's started new projects in Grails since then. To mention Spring Boot and Grails Plugins in the same statement is misleading.