https://soft.vub.ac.be/amop/

- "tea" is an explicit alias that was added to the import statement in the tutorial examples, which you did not reflect in your snippet:

    import tea "charm.land/bubbletea/v2"

  import github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea

I bounced off of bubble tea not because of the aesthetics and the unhelpful naming, but because of the programming model: a MVC-architecture cribbed from the Elm language. Why? It completely takes over and rips apart my CLI structure. A CLI is not a DOM or System.Windows.Forms, MVC is scattering around logic and adding indirection layers needlessly.

I am still using huh? and vhs, but their libraries have the feel of looking really good in demo and in the provided examples, but break down quickly when coloring just outside those intended lines.

You could stop collecting performance counters around GC phases, but you even if you are not measuring the CPU still runs through its instructions, causing the second order effects. And as you mentioned too-short-to-measure barriers and other bookkeeping overheads (updating ref counters etc) or simply the fact that some tag bits or object slots are reserved all impact performance.

There is a good write-up of the problem and a way to estimate the cost based on different GC strategies, as you suggested, here: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.07880

The way I found to measure a no-GC baseline is to compare them in an accurate workload performance simulator. Mark all GC and allocator related code regions and have the simulator skip all those instructions. Critically that needs to be a simulator that does not deal with the functional simulation, but gets it's instructions from a functional simulator, emulator or PIN tool that does execute everything. It's laborious, not very fast and impractical for production work. But, it's the only way I found to answer a question like "What is the absolite overhead of memory management in Python?". (Answer: lower bound walltime sits around +25% avg, heavily depending on the pyperformance benchmark)

  - Erlang and Elexir
  - E
  - AmbientTalk

I fundamentally disagree on putting the majority of the blame on the object memory model. The problem was that they were compounding the added complexity of the object model with a slew of other unnecessary complexities. They somehow did find the budget to put the first full IEEE floating point unit on the execution unit, implemented a massive[1] decoder and microcode for the bit-aligned 200+ instruction set and interprocess communication. The expensive lookups per instructions had everything to do with cutting caches and programmable registers, not any kind of overwhelming complexity to the address translation.

I strongly recommend checking the "Performance effects of architectural complexity in the Intel 432" paper by Colwell that I linked in the parent.

[1] die shots: https://oldbytes.space/@kenshirriff/110231910098167742

> That is false. In the Intel World, we first had the iAPX 432, which was an object-capability design. To say it failed miserably is overselling its success by a good margin.

That's not refuting the point he's making. The mainframe-on-chip iAPX family (and Itanium after) died and had no heirs. The current popular CPU families are all descendents of the stopgap 8086 evolved from the tiny computer CPUs or ARM's straight up embedded CPU designs.

But I do agree with your point that a flat (global) virtual memory space is a lot nicer to program. In practice we've been fast moving away from that again though, the kernel has to struggle to keep up the illusion: NUCA, NUMA, CXL.mem, various mapped accelerator memories, etc.

Regarding the iAPX 432, I do want to set the record straight as I think you are insinuating that it failed because of its object memory design. The iAPX failed mostly because of it's abject performance characteristics, but that was in retrospect [1] not inherent to the object directory design. It lacked very simple look ahead mechanisms, no instruction or data caches, no registers and not even immediates. Performance did not seemed to be a top priority in the design, to paraphrase an architect. Additionally, the compiler team was not aligned and failed to deliver on time, which only compounded the performance problem.

  - [1] https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/45059.214411