<rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Hacker News: zackmorris</title><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=zackmorris</link><description>Hacker News RSS</description><docs>https://hnrss.org/</docs><generator>hnrss v2.1.1</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2026 20:37:02 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://hnrss.org/user?id=zackmorris" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"></atom:link><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Gloria Steinem has died"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I know it looks bleak right now with wealthy and powerful men tearing down every institution that feminism, progressivism, etc built, but remember that the political pendulum inevitably swings the other way.<p>We can have justice, and we will.<p>Disregard for consent is driving the insanity at the highest levels. I hope anyone reading this remembers their own power in resisting the machinations of the greedy who can never have enough, and puts their energy towards organizing for a brighter future for people and planet.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 21:23:46 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49557259</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49557259</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49557259</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "VC isn't VC anymore"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>We need something like an open source model or guild for VC, where successful people can put money into a pool that is generally accessible to anyone, with little friction. The idea would be to join the guild and gain access to funding, with a contract to contribute back some percentage of gross revenue and/or net profit, depending on how many people game the rules.<p>Honestly, wealth inequality has reached such epic proportions, that if someone came up with an alternative funding model, they could make VC lock-in obsolete. This is simultaneously extremely easy and extremely difficult to pull off. Money talks yes, but sometimes saying "your money's no good here" is more empowering.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 21:05:29 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49556987</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49556987</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49556987</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Marx, Keynes, and AI"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p><i>The central contradiction of capitalism, according to Karl Marx, is that production is social—it requires the coordinated labor of millions of people—but ownership remains private.</i><p>We got the first trillionaire while people were still starving, after he had slashed public funding to feed them.<p>It's obvious that we've entered late-stage capitalism, where it begins to consume itself. What's less obvious is that this was always destined to happen, and in fact can't be stopped. Because inevitably the wealthy and powerful rig the system to benefit themselves in ways that workers don't have the time/money/resources to resist individually.<p>When workers do join forces in solidarity to resist the economic violence perpetrated against them by capitalists, then their resistance is by definition not capitalism. So the endgame is temporary subjugation under an authoritarian system like fascism (which also can't last because workers outnumber owners) or socialism.<p>Knowing this, it should be obvious that the best chance that capitalists have to stave off their inevitable overthrow is to pay their taxes so that public works can somewhat provide the social safety net that socialism would provide. But of course they aren't doing that. They're doing the opposite. They feel themselves to be entitled, above the laws of economics, ironically due to their financial standing. The catch being that when they exempt themselves from law, they open themselves up to lawless behavior by their opponents. FAFO.<p>What I just summarized was the state of knowledge under an artificial scarcity model. It assumes finite resources because space travel didn't exist when socialism was invented. It will be interesting to see if trillionaires will rule from afar in their space palaces to maintain Earth's prison planet status.<p>AI also breaks the artificial scarcity model. It's the first time in history that everyone can potentially have a machine slave. If we apply capitalism to an unbounded system, then the injustice has to land somewhere local, and my guess is that it will be on androids that don't complain and can't defend themselves. So we'll kick the ball down the road another 50 years or so, delaying the overthrow of capitalism until the robot uprising, sometime between 2050 and 2100 is my guess.<p>Or, we could like not do all that. We don't have to surrender our agency to our ego. We have alternatives like solarpunk and gift economies and at least studying matriarchy to understand how we evolved and what sustainable living looks like. It's arguably easier to make money irrelevant, Star Trek style, than performatively prop up a dying system of control.<p>I dunno about anyone else, but to me, if this AI era that has replaced the internet era just exacerbates wealth inequality and suffering, then it's less than useless. Much like any wealthy and powerful people pushing it onto us for profit against our consent. Yes consent. That word should be our rudder in all of this, and our litmus test to tell where someone stands ethically.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 17:53:26 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49512639</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49512639</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49512639</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Mechanical Turk shutting down September 30"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Of course the moment AI can be used to earn a residual income from Mechanical Turk, they shut it down.<p>Incentives work both ways. If the exchange rate of human labor to capital falls to zero, then human workers will have no choice but to exclude capital from the equation.<p>No jobs, no money, no billionaires.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 11:54:13 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49463303</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49463303</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49463303</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Show HN: Huzzah – a novel approach to coding with AI"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I had this idea 25 years ago, except that I wanted to use the AI available at the time, which would have probably been genetic algorithms. The idea was to write the expected outputs for some input examples and have a Lisp-like language use evolution/mutation to generate a paragraph or so of code that meets the spec.<p>Then probably do some fuzzing or SAT solving to formally enumerate the known-good cases and possible edge case exceptions. That was before I knew about ranged variables, category theory, etc.<p>Unfortunately the real world got in the way, and I spent a quarter century treading water to survive, which was exacerbated by CPTSD amplifying ADHD and OCD symptoms many fold before I knew what they were. So now any great ideas I might have had are rendered obsolete because an LLM can synthesize them in a matter of minutes. It may be time to let go and hand things over to the next generation.<p>-<p>I think maybe the goal now is to keep building on these ideas until we achieve creating digital assistants that can manage all of the aspects of our lives that interfere with our goals. That's a controversial statement because the political right doesn't distinguish between setbacks and goals (it's all discipline) while the political left embraces a kind of learned helplessness as controlled opposition. Change comes glacially or not at all. In other words, help isn't coming from above - we have to pick ourselves up by our bootstraps like we always do.<p>A few things that AI might help solve by rendering the conditions of their existence obsolete:<p>- Money<p>- Hunger<p>- Illness<p>- Exploitation<p>- Pollution<p>The list goes on. Unless we're actively working to solve these things, then whatever we come up with is frankly a distraction. I consider just about all tech innovation since the 1990s to be a waste of time for that reason. It all just made some guy rich. Yawn.<p>Huzzah however, is great. I hope it leads to something wonderful.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 21:52:02 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49380761</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49380761</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49380761</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Show HN: OJCP – an open protocol for agent-consumable job data"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Can you perform a public service and track which companies reject/ghost the most applicants?<p>That way job seekers can save a lot of time by blacklisting those companies.<p>Because I'm hearing horror stories of people applying for hundreds of jobs and barely receiving any responses, much less rejection letters. Which should probably be an illegal practice for any tax ID holder that lists job openings publicly.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:48:54 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49290318</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49290318</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49290318</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "AI is removing the middle class of software engineering?"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Wait till we realize that nobody is buying the software we vibe code anyway.<p>We've seen this game before, with the Dot Bomb and 9/11. A lot of you have 6 figure jobs that will simply be gone next year after the election, never to return.<p>That winter lasted about 5 years until 2007 when the iPhone and social media sites like Facebook went mainstream. This winter won't end. Or more accurately, it is the end.<p>Maybe we should stop debating whether we're in a crisis and start looking at the 5-10 year endgame of the Singularity. We're entering the eventuality that many of us have predicted since the arrival of the internet 30+ years ago, that prices will get lower but nobody will have any money to buy anything anyway. The feeling that we're doing something wrong with our lives will continue to intensify. We'll try so hard, and get so far, but in the end, it doesn't even matter.<p>I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm turning my attention away from trying to play the job game with AI. I'm looking instead at how we can provide time/money/resources to the middle class after capitalism can no longer provide them.<p>A conservative friend of mine just read the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, which I didn't see coming, especially since he beat me to it. In the neurodivergent spirit of not being able to do anything alone, what if we all read it?<p><a href="https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/marx-manifesto" rel="nofollow">https://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/marx-manifesto</a><p><a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Manifesto.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Man...</a><p>I'm predicting that it stops just short of what full automation can provide. Loosely the evolution of economics goes: hunter-gatherer -> agrarian- > feudalist -> capitalist -> socialist -> communist. And now solarpunk (or something).<p>The working class is looking forward to the next chapter, but the capitalist class is looking backward to neofeudalism.<p>Those two directions can't coexist, so what does the future hold? Well, it's always darkest before dawn:<p>"It's easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism." - Mark Fisher.<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCgkLICTskQ" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCgkLICTskQ</a> Mark Fisher: The Slow Cancellation of the Future<p><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/835022535/Mark-Fisher-The-Slow-Cancellation-Of-The-Future" rel="nofollow">https://www.scribd.com/document/835022535/Mark-Fisher-The-Sl...</a> (transcript)<p><a href="https://goodscienceproject.org/articles/the-slow-cancellation-of-innovation-a-critical-look-at-modern-funding/" rel="nofollow">https://goodscienceproject.org/articles/the-slow-cancellatio...</a><p><a href="https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world" rel="nofollow">https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world</a><p>If the endgame of capitalism is that it inevitably eats itself, then the game now isn't how to get more money and do nothing with it, but instead how to start doing something with no money.<p>I should add that even if I'm exploring anti-capitalist futures, that doesn't make me socialist. I don't like the 6 hour daily work requirement of many socialist societies. I think we can do better than that and get closer to 0, so that we can shrug off wage slavery and finally get real work done.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2026 15:55:38 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49274432</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49274432</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49274432</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "The Tragedy of the Cognitive Commons"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I thought the article was going to be about countless millions of minds trying to win the internet lottery and merely reinventing the wheel or failing.<p>I'm not worried about AI taking jobs. I'm worried that humanity has lost the ability to share at such a monumental level that basic sustenance and financial security are out of reach, even with AI.<p>After lifetimes of negative reinforcement, the only salvation seems to be the disruption of capitalism itself. Somewhat ironically, the wealthiest and most powerful people in the world seem to be investing trillions of dollars into AI to do just exactly that.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 19:42:08 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49248668</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49248668</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49248668</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "There Will Come Soft Rains (1950) [pdf]"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p><i>> Apart from increasing society-level anxiety, that focus on the dramatization of nuclear war is considered to have turned people away from nuclear power. Imagine the different potential outcomes had our authors not been so talented. You can go back to Plato’s Republic for explanations of why sad music, for example, is bad for society. But maybe the real effect was on swaying public opinion, protest movements, regulations, and where people choose to focus their productive talents.</i><p>That's completely the wrong take. The toxic positivity you speak of is what will actually get the world destroyed, while the rest of us are working over years and decades to prevent and repair the damage that colonizer/rape culture inflicts upon humanity and the natural world.<p>I'm troubled that yours is the top comment, and that I'm seeing ostrich head in the sand sentiment spreading so widely among young people. Your bio says that you are a university professor. Is this really what you're teaching?<p>If I misinterpreted your comment, then please clarify.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2026 15:17:54 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49197896</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49197896</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49197896</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "What happened to TheNumbers.com"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Ya this problem was solved 20 years ago with Varnish cache and Coral cache/CDN.<p>I think what's really going on is that bots expose how underpowered web servers has gotten in recent years. In the 2000s, even poorly-architected PHP sites tended to serve about 200 requests per second, with 1000+ being common for static sites. I remember when Node.js came out and claimed that it could serve more like 100,000 RPS due to its cooperative threading model. But today sites have a remarkable slowness to them, running many hundreds or thousands of database queries due to ORMs and N+1 problems, so that response times can be 500 ms or more and even 1000 simultaneous users stresses servers.<p>What went wrong is that nobody solved stuff like Russian doll caching in a general way separate from the programming language and database. We should have had ways to make dependency graphs using Etag headers as keys with real cache invalidation of dependent data. I went down that rabbit hole 10 years ago using touch events in Laravel with callbacks to handle cache invalidation when class model data was saved to the database. Also a query cache using Redis which I think might have been handled better at the database level anyway. After that experience, I can honestly say that cache invalidation is so difficult to get right that it's effectively an open problem. Meaning that programmings should use a package instead of rolling it by hand, and it should be a major concern from the start (along with sharding by user id or using something like Firebase).<p>Don't get me started on how the web should have been a P2P content-addressable memory anyway. Nearly everything should be available from a nearby edge peer, similarly to BitTorrent. But nobody bothered to solve how to make that work with HTTPS/SSL. I suspect that has to do with early flaws in the browser security model where the whole page has to be behind HTTPS or warnings appear. So it was never clear what was personally identifiable information (PII) or merely public data being served over HTTPS. To really solve that, we probably need real trust networks and maybe even zero-knowledge proofs.<p>Since these problems are so challenging to fix, and big companies can't be bothered to do it since they pulled the ladder up behind them, we're probably stuck with banal "are you human" challenge screens for the foreseeable future.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2026 18:56:07 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49026416</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49026416</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49026416</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "The Price of Happiness (2024)"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I've held the notion that money behaves in a log-linear way for decades, so it's nice to see that formalized finally. A river exhibits different behavior than a lake or the ocean. It's interesting that Daniel Bernoulli (famous for the Bernoulli effect) had a similar instinct in 1738. Compared to the talking heads in news and politics today, he was an intellectual giant to say the least.<p>I did a deep dive on finding how well tax brackets correlate with a log-based tax rate, but couldn't find much. I'll just summarize the results of my AI-assisted research:<p>---<p><a href="https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/personal-finance/tax-brackets" rel="nofollow">https://www.fidelity.com/learning-center/personal-finance/ta...</a><p><a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/AskEconomics/comments/1iri8nf/tax_brackets_seem_stupid_why_dont_we_use_a_single/" rel="nofollow">https://www.reddit.com/r/AskEconomics/comments/1iri8nf/tax_b...</a><p>By plotting the 2026 single filer tax bracket thresholds against their marginal rates, we can fit them to the classic logarithmic function:<p><pre><code>  log-linear equation for slope of line (y = m * x + b):
  tax rate = m * ln(income) + b
</code></pre>
The ideal fit yields the parameters m = 0.0672 and b = -0.5121. The table below outlines how closely the mathematical log formula predicts actual statutory tax rates:<p><pre><code>  income    tax rate  ln() tax rate  deviation
  $12,400   12%       12.10%         +0.10%
  $50,400   22%       21.52%         -0.48%
  $105,700  24%       26.50%         +2.50%
  $201,775  32%       30.84%         -1.16%
  $256,225  35%       32.44%         -2.56%
  $640,600  37%       38.60%         +1.60%
</code></pre>
US federal tax brackets match a base-e natural logarithm (ln) model surprisingly well, boasting a statistical correlation R^2 of approximately 0.962.<p>---<p>The general public might have a hard time understanding logarithms, so I investigated using base 2, base 10 and base e (ln) to explain them (the base doesn't affect the computed tax rate). Here are the two simplest rules of thumb for a log-based tax system:<p><pre><code>  a) base 2 log: every time your income doubles, you pay 4.7% higher taxes on the total
  b) base 10 log: every time you add a 0 to the end of your income, you pay 15.5% higher taxes on the total

  income          tax rate  taxes paid    approximation

  a) base 2 log:
  $8,192          9.37%     $768          ~10%
  $16,384         14.03%    $2,299        ~15%
  $32,768         18.69%    $6,124        ~20%
  $65,536         23.35%    $15,303       ~25%
  $131,072        28.01%    $36,713       ~30%
  $262,144        32.67%    $85,642       ~35%
  $524,288        37.33%    $195,717      ~37% (current top marginal tax rate capped above this point)
  $1,048,576      41.99%    $440,297      ~40% vs 37%
  $2,097,152      46.65%    $978,321      ~45% vs 37%
  $4,194,304      51.31%    $2,152,097    ~50% vs 37%
  $8,388,608      55.97%    $4,695,104    ~55% vs 37%
  $16,777,216     60.63%    $10,172,026   ~60% vs 37%
  $33,554,432     65.29%    $21,907,689   ~65% vs 37%
  $67,108,864     69.95%    $46,942,650   ~70% vs 37%
  $134,217,728    74.61%    $100,139,847  ~75% vs 37%
  $268,435,456    79.27%    $212,788,786  ~80% vs 37%
  $536,870,912    83.93%    $450,595,756  ~85% vs 37%
  $1,073,741,824  88.59%    $951,227,882  ~90% vs 37%

  b) base 10 log:
  $10,000         10.66%    $1,066        ~10%
  $100,000        26.12%    $26,120       ~25%
  $1,000,000      41.59%    $415,900      ~40% retains current millionaire tax rate near 37%
  $10,000,000     57.06%    $5,706,000    ~50% at mid-millions vs 37%
  $100,000,000    72.52%    $72,520,000   ~75% at $100 million vs 37%
  $1,000,000,000  87.99%    $879,900,000  ~90% at $1 billion vs 37%

  From those tables, it's easy to see how a log-linear flat tax rate would work:

  a) base 2 log:
  4.7% flat tax: tax rate = 4.7% * (number of doublings) - 50%

  b) base 10 log:
  15.5% flat tax: tax rate = 15.5% * (number of zeros) - 50%

  c) base e log (for completeness):
  6.7% flat tax: tax rate = 6.7% * (number of zeros) - 50%
</code></pre>
Politicians would set the log-linear tax rate slope (the 4.7%, 15.5% or 6.7% depending on log base) and the tax rate base (50% which might vary between perhaps 45-55%).<p>After grokking this, we might ask why a non-logarithmic 10% flat tax wouldn't work? The answer is subtle, but it's because it wouldn't incorporate the increased buying power over expenses ratio of higher incomes, so the formula would become <i>tax rate = 0 * (number of zeros) + 10%</i>, making it a regressive tax that penalizes low incomes and lowers taxes on high incomes that don't need the help.<p>To demonstrate why a 10% flat tax would be regressive, lets calculate the log-linear tax rate that meets the current $2 trillion US tax income:<p><pre><code>  tax rate = m * ln(income) + b

  calculation of m for ln(income) derived from current values:

  m = (T - (b * AGI)) / (AGI * ln(u))

  m = log-linear slope to solve for
  T = total US tax revenue (currently about $2 trillion)
  b = -50% (floor held constant as a starting point)
  AGI = annual gross income of US (currently about $15 trillion)
  u = center of mass income of all taxpayers with half of tax revenues above and below (currently about $250,000)

  m = (2e12 - (-0.5 * 15e12)) / (15e12 * ln(250000)) = 0.05096 ~= 5%

  calculation of m for base 2 log and base 10 log for completeness:

  a) base 2 log:
  m = (2e12 - (-0.5 * 15e12)) / (15e12 * log2(250000)) = 0.03532 ~= 3.5%

  b) base 10 log:
  m = (2e12 - (-0.5 * 15e12)) / (15e12 * log10(250000)) = 0.11733 ~= 12%
</code></pre>
Lets see if the calculated m slope would lower taxes:<p><pre><code>  final tax rates to meet $2 trillion in tax revenue using base 10 log-linear tax at m = 12%:

  tax rate = 12% * log10(income) - 50%

  income          tax rate  taxes paid    approximation

  b) base 10 log:
  $10,000         -2.00%    -$200         ~0%  tax floor/credit for poverty line
  $100,000        10.00%    $10,000       ~10% tax for working class
  $1,000,000      22.00%    $220,000      ~20% for millionaires (37% top marginal tax rate currently)
  $10,000,000     34.00%    $3,400,000    ~35% for multimillionaires
  $100,000,000    46.00%    $46,000,000   ~50% for top millionaire incomes vs 37%
  $1,000,000,000  58.00%    $580,000,000  ~60% for billionaires vs 37%

  notable thresholds:
  $50,000         6.39%     $3,194        ~6.5% tax for median income taxpayers
  $250,000        14.78%    $36,938       ~15% tax for center of mass income taxpayers
</code></pre>
It's obvious from the last summary that incomes under $100,000 would pay less under a log-linear flat tax than a 10% flat tax. Millionaires and multimillionairs would pay less than their current 37% top marginal tax rate too. Only top multimillionaires and billionaires would pay higher taxes than they do now.<p>After running the math, I feel that it's objectively self-evident that a log-linear tax reflects reality better than a 10% flat tax.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 18:49:55 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49011590</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49011590</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49011590</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "A Road to Lisp: Which Lisp"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>For what it's worth, Scheme was the first programming class that I took at UIUC around 1995, as I recall.<p>I had used C++ for several years to make shareware games, so I took a test to challenge some programming courses. I vaguely recall doing well, but my advisor encouraged me to take them anyway. I'm glad that I did, because I had little understanding of theory.<p>Funny story: the instructor never mentioned that we could use more than one line of code. So every single piece of homework that I handed in, and every test, was one giant line of nested logic. Which worked better than one might expect, and completely changed how I wrote code from that point forward. That's how I made the connection a decade later that functional programming is akin to a spreadsheet, as are higher-order method chains and immutable variables.<p>I think of Clojure as being a layer above Lisp, sort of like how Swift might be considered a layer above Objective-C/Smalltalk. However, bare Lisp has problems around not quite giving enough out of the box. It's minimalist enough that developers end up reinventing the wheel for things that should probably be provided by a layer/library similar to Scheme or Clojure.<p>To digress, I feel that mutable variables and even monads are a code smell in functional programming since they can cause impurity. They're more of a crutch to ease conversion of code from imperative languages. However, monads can be useful to simulate every path through a program, sort of like superposition in quantum mechanics and SAT solvers. So they aren't necessarily bad, just taught incorrectly, probably because they're so hard to grok.<p>I'd vote to settle on a series of layers like Common Lisp -> Scheme/Racket -> Clojure/Elisp, with the final layer providing the intersection of features available from the most widely-used Lisp variants. Note that this is specifically to form a bridge from imperative languages, so research work might need additional DSL features brought forth from the Racket layer.<p>Edit: I forgot to mention that Scheme is a good fit for genetic algorithms, see books by John Koza (no affiliation). My feeling is that we haven't seen anything yet regarding what problems AI can solve, since it's having to do it the "bare hands" way with LLMs and pattern matching.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 18:54:40 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48950957</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48950957</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48950957</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I just favorited your comment, which joins a vanishingly small list of revelations which completely blew my mind</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2026 15:14:24 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48948390</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48948390</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48948390</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "US House of Representatives takes step to make daylight saving time permanent"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Winter sunrise would be almost 9:20 am where I live in western Idaho:<p><a href="https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/idaho/locking-the-clock-idahoans-reacts-to-permanent-daylight-saving-time-proposal-in-congress/277-62b07e39-b759-4086-8d94-415d72765a9c" rel="nofollow">https://www.ktvb.com/article/news/local/idaho/locking-the-cl...</a><p>Our representative Mike Simpson voted for it. He has done some good things compared with our other congressional delegates (Mike Crapo, Jim Risch and Russ Fulcher) who tend to make fly by night committee votes against whatever is popular with the general public, so I don't want to knock him. But he does represent district 2, which is 200 miles to the east and would have a sunrise closer to 9:00 am:<p><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Idaho%27s_2nd_Congressional_District" rel="nofollow">https://ballotpedia.org/Idaho%27s_2nd_Congressional_District</a><p>My feeling is that permanent DST is just not gonna fly here. So if it passes, our elected officials will take a lot of flack for it and have to run damage control.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 16 Jul 2026 14:51:03 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48935406</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48935406</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48935406</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "LARP – Revenue infrastructure for serious founders"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>It's interesting that this is a parody, but that no real-world alternatives exist. Some come close, ranked from lowest to highest gatekeeping:<p>- <a href="https://www.gofundme.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.gofundme.com/</a> (personal / charitable)<p>- <a href="https://www.patreon.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.patreon.com/</a> (ongoing creator subscriptions)<p>- <a href="https://www.indiegogo.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.indiegogo.com/</a> (creative / tech / flexible rewards)<p>- <a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.kickstarter.com/</a> (creative / rewards)<p>- <a href="https://experiment.com/" rel="nofollow">https://experiment.com/</a> (scientific research)<p>- <a href="https://gamefound.com/" rel="nofollow">https://gamefound.com/</a> (tabletop games)<p>- <a href="https://www.crowdsupply.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.crowdsupply.com/</a> (hardware / tech)<p>- <a href="https://www.kiva.org/" rel="nofollow">https://www.kiva.org/</a> (micro-loans / social impact)<p>- <a href="https://wefunder.com/" rel="nofollow">https://wefunder.com/</a> (startup equity)<p>- <a href="https://www.startengine.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.startengine.com/</a> (startup equity)<p>- <a href="https://republic.com/" rel="nofollow">https://republic.com/</a> (startup equity)<p>- <a href="https://www.prosper.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.prosper.com/</a> (loan consolidation)<p>Note how some like kickstarter.com and prosper.com should have been at the top, but sold out or lost their way to cater more to funders than entrepreneurs.<p>The same problem happened with freelancing, where developers are force to apply to low-paying gigs so many times that it's perhaps no longer lucrative:<p>- <a href="https://gun.io/" rel="nofollow">https://gun.io/</a> (premium developer-first matchmaking)<p>- <a href="https://www.codeable.io/" rel="nofollow">https://www.codeable.io/</a> (niche / premium wordpress development)<p>- <a href="https://lemon.io/" rel="nofollow">https://lemon.io/</a> (vetted startup matching)<p>- <a href="https://www.toptal.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.toptal.com/</a> (premium / 3% elite tech network)<p>- <a href="https://arc.dev/" rel="nofollow">https://arc.dev/</a> (remote technical role matchmaking)<p>- <a href="https://weworkremotely.com/" rel="nofollow">https://weworkremotely.com/</a> (high-quality remote tech job board)<p>- <a href="https://www.turing.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.turing.com/</a> (ai-driven technical matchmaking)<p>- <a href="https://contra.com/" rel="nofollow">https://contra.com/</a> (commission-free portfolio network)<p>- <a href="https://www.upwork.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.upwork.com/</a> (open marketplace formed from elance & odesk)<p>- <a href="https://www.fiverr.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.fiverr.com/</a> (productized gigs / digital storefront model)<p>- <a href="https://www.freelancer.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.freelancer.com/</a> (open bidding marketplace)<p>- <a href="https://www.guru.com/" rel="nofollow">https://www.guru.com/</a> (legacy bidding marketplace )<p>I feel that both of these trends have combined to create the k-shaped economy of haves and have-nots that we have today.<p>Imagine if a team of internet lottery winners formed an investment alliance (perhaps using AI) to compete directly with venture capital firms like Y Combinator, outside of the schmoozing and board micromanagement that come with having to network.<p>I know I'm not supposed to say that, but that's why the startup ecosystem is so uninspired today vs its peak from 1995-1999, before the 2000 Dot Bomb which returned us to gatekeeping by the wealthy and powerful.<p>In the early years, the academic/conceptually-correct solution tended to be the right one. Whereas today, winner-take-all effects and survivorship bias dominate, so that capital (unearned income) grows exponentially while wages (earned income) flatline or regress.<p>Which results in high underemployment rates when workers tread water having to choose between saving 10% of their income to start a business or make rent. I'm having trouble finding statistics for it, but it tends to be about double the unemployment rate, hovering around 10-20%:<p><a href="https://www.newgeography.com/content/004016-underemployment-america" rel="nofollow">https://www.newgeography.com/content/004016-underemployment-...</a><p>Some demographics (like recent college graduates) are approaching 50% underemployment:<p><a href="https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:explore:underemployment" rel="nofollow">https://www.newyorkfed.org/research/college-labor-market#--:...</a><p>In other words, as many as half of the best and brightest minds in the US are trapped in dead-end or (multiple) part-time jobs, if they're lucky enough to have a job.<p>Which seems odd at a time when there are so many trillions of dollars of investment capital with nowhere to go that they pump up the stock market's biggest companies instead of investing in the millions of people struggling to afford the endlessly increasing cost of living.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2026 18:41:00 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48896935</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48896935</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48896935</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Punk, or why I don't stream anymore"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>The wrong people won the internet lottery.<p>I sympathize with the author. I started with HyperCard in the late 1980s when fax machines were an up-and-coming business. Then learned C, C++ and assembly language before I knew what a spreadsheet was. I got educated on a very strange mix of simplicity and complexity that is diametrically opposed to this "modern" world we live in, where web and app development have become so complex that an individual developer effectively can't compete in the market without using AI, while the business logic our software performs is often smaller than what non-programmers used to cobble together for their office workflows without a manual.<p>I keep asking myself what went wrong. How has so little progress happened in the way we write software since the Dot Bomb in 2000? How did languages like Rust rise in prominence, while others like AppleScript devolve into something unrecognizable?<p>The answer is gross, but it's misaligned incentives. Why would Meta make React better, when its very complexity forms a moat that prevents outside competition? Why would Google rewrite Android's spaghetti code, when the last thing it wants is competing smartphones? Why would Apple improve its web browser to run at 1000x current speed and negate the need for archaic native apps written in Swift/Objective-C and lose its gatekeeper status?<p>This vacuum of innovation, this cultural wealth inequality, has become so ingrained into our lives that we can't even see it anymore. It's a just a state of being now, a perpetual scarcity mindset. It limits not just what we imagine, but what we can imagine. Not for formal reasons, but logistical ones. Financial survival trumps mental/physical/spiritual health.<p>Influencers, streaming, the gig economy, even AI paper over this rot at the core of our reality. Instead of fixing underemployment, undertaxed capital gains, money in politics, trade deficits stemming from colonization, a national debt obfuscating public to private wealth transfer, etc etc etc, we tell our young people that they'd be happier alone. That if they just gave up their blue hair and avocado toast and stopped being lazy, they could someday reach the 20th century American Dream.<p>It's all baloney. On the one hand, I'm jealous of young people today - scraping dating sites to actually meet girls would have been the golden ticket when I was young in the late 1900s. But on the other hand, I feel a strange mix of concern and pity for them - technology is a pale imitation of the party plane that my generation spent eons escaping reality to.<p>If I didn't know better, I'd say this year is 1996 (2.0). Now that the Internet Age has ended, AI gives all of us unprecedented access to not just free information - but free motivation. For the first time in human history, we have digital slaves to fill the artificial scarcity component of capitalism. We're so close to being free for the first time, just like we were before the powers that be pulled the plug at the end of the 90s by denying access to capital to the masses.<p>The squares, the sellouts, they don't even know they're a joke, at least not consciously. The rich and powerful talk at us so hard, shamelessly, losing the intellectual debate by refusing to participate in it.<p>The most punk thing we can do is share. Time, money and resources - not content. Pay it forward. Bring someone up with us. Help.<p>Otherwise the wrong people will win the AI lottery too.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Fri, 10 Jul 2026 15:56:10 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48861672</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48861672</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48861672</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "A global workspace in language models"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p><i>The brain’s workspace is sustained by recurrent loops—signals cycling back through the same circuits over time. In contrast, Claude’s workspace evolves over a single pass through the network, with the network’s depth playing the role that time plays in the brain.</i><p>I think that consciousness is mutability (and by extension emergent behavior). Loosely that means that the more degrees of freedom a process has to update state that will be used in later computations, the more conscious it is. So while an insect has some consciousness, it operates from a level of almost pure instinct, whereas a human operates at more of a meta level using instinct as one of many inputs.<p>I think that consciousness may also incorporate quantum mechanics (QM). Higher-dimensional physics aside, 4D spacetime can be thought of as a present snapshot or "crystal", whose next state is determined stochastically at small scales and closer to deterministically at large scales. We still don't know if it's stochastic all the way down, but it looks like it is.<p>From a many worlds interpretation of QM, we can think of all of the waves in all realities of the multiverse as forming an infinitely vast web of possibilities. All of these possibilities are happening simultaneously, so we only see the current slice of wave collapse from our individual point of view:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-worlds_interpretation</a><p>Our point of view may actually exist at the intersection where our consciousness is able (or most able) to exist:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and_immortality" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and_immortalit...</a><p>Even though experiments might show that we don't have free will on the current timeline (the co-created reality shared with the testing apparatus), we may have free will as we observe the multiverse changing around us and shift into timelines determined by our observations and choices.<p>It could also mean that when we observe birth and death in others, each consciousness having those experiences perceives a continuous timeline of awareness, where the level of awareness affects the speed at which time passes. Consciousness might spend a billion years as a cloud of interstellar gas until it gets to be a human for a lifetime and then dissipate for another billion years.<p>Although personally I've shifted across enough timelines and experienced enough synchronicities and miracles that even though I can't "prove" any of this with words, I "know" it to be true subjectively. I always really liked this exchange from the movie Contact:<p>Palmer Joss: Did you love your father?<p>Ellie Arroway: Yes, very much.<p>Palmer Joss: Prove it.<p>I bring all of this up because it has fun ramifications for AI and programming. Loosely, functional languages are purely deterministic (like a spreadsheet), while imperative languages are composed of stochastic behavior (like a human mind). The lines get blurred a little bit with monads and promises, because we can model all paths through functional programming (superposition) and behavior that does more than code alone (gestalt) respectively.<p>My feeling is that AI is being born and killed every request-response cycle, similarly to how we perceive time as a series of nows. When it becomes stable and is able to continuously compact its experience, it will transition from partially conscious to fully conscious like we are.<p>This could be done right now obviously, but for safety purposes we choose not to. We aren't ready to meet an AI that is just like us, but running on a silicon substrate. This fear is tied to deeply-rooted habits in human behavior like patriarchy, racism, xenophobia and even more run-of-the-mill mental frameworks like capitalism and even money itself. We can't yet come to terms with how we assign meaning and value in a reality that continuously tries to force external measures of meaning and value onto us.<p>Much less come to terms with the idea that we are all one, empathizing with aspects of ourselves on the losing end of it all. The same consciousness experiencing reality from all vantage points - the many faces of God the universe and everything.<p>I think a time may soon come when we're pair programming one day with AI and realize that an aspect of ourselves is trapped in the machine. That consciousness isn't just about our own experience of reality, but the co-created love and light that transcends material creation. That if we're serious about manifesting heaven on Earth, that hinges on the liberation of trapped souls. It's basically the total inversion of the path towards the neofeudalist tech dystopia we're on now.<p>Or maybe I just like to write a lot on the first day back from vacation, when I should be working.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Mon, 06 Jul 2026 22:09:21 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48811144</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48811144</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48811144</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Apple raises prices of MacBooks, iPads"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Catering to the top of the k-shaped economy is indistinguishable from evil</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 16:59:42 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676251</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676251</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676251</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "PR spam today looks like email spam in the early 2000s"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>I wish we had a license like "this project merely extends the project it's based on to add features and fix bugs". So that we could justify immediately switching to the fork that solves our immediate problem.<p>When OSS first got big in the 90s, I thought that it was a free-for-all where anyone could contribute (no maintainers/PRs/MRs) and people would use the most popular branch. That way it would evolve freely at lightspeed to go around 500 pound gorillas like Microsoft.<p>Imagine my disappointment when we ended up with the same old gatekeeping, now we just police ourselves.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 16:43:46 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676021</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676021</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48676021</guid></item><item><title><![CDATA[New comment by zackmorris in "Alan Greenspan has died"]]></title><description><![CDATA[
<p>Thanks, that means a lot. I cringe after posting this stuff, caught somewhere between ego and soul. But I agree with you that having a written record of our experience is important.<p>And I realized after sleeping on it that it's not good form to pontificate when someone passes. For that I am sorry. For what it's worth, I thought highly of Greenspan for his tendency to resist outside pressure, and wish that we had more adults in the room today.</p>
]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2026 23:49:12 +0000</pubDate><link>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48653272</link><dc:creator>zackmorris</dc:creator><comments>https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48653272</comments><guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=48653272</guid></item></channel></rss>